NEW YORK, April 28 (bdnews24.com/Reuters Health)

NEW YORK, April 28 (bdnews24.com/Reuters Health) - Sexually active teenage girls infected around the time of birth with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, are more likely to have cervical infections and abnormal Pap test results, new research shows. Extensive research has examined the reproductive health outcomes among teenagers who acquire HIV infection through sex, senior investigator Dr. Susan B. Brogly of Harvard School of Public Health in Boston told Reuters. In contrast, this is the largest cohort study, and the first to publish on rates of genital infections, cervical lesions, and pregnancy among girls who had been living with HIV since birth, she said. Their results will be published in the June issue of the American Journal of Public Health. The study involved a total of 638 girls infected with HIV during birth, and who were 13 to 21 years old when they entered a pediatric AIDS study between 2000 and 2005. Brogly and her co-investigators estimate that 174 of the girls were sexually active. More than three-quarters were receiving HIV medication. Pelvic examinations revealed multiple cases of genital warts. Many of the HIV-infected teenage girls were found to have sexually transmitted diseases, including trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis. Of the 101 sexually active girls who had Pap tests, 30 (29.7 percent) had abnormal results at the first examination including lesions that have the potential to become cancerous called squamous intraepithelial lesions or SIL. "We were surprised at the high rates of SIL that were observed," Brogly said. "It is concerning to find such high rates in young adolescent girls." She and her colleagues were also taken aback by the finding that `pap smears were so infrequent among these girls identified as sexually active.' Thirty-eight girls became pregnant for the first time while in the study. Seven were pregnant more than once, resulting in 32 pregnancies that ended with live births. Of these, only one newborn was known to be HIV-infected. The rate of pregnancy is much lower in this cohort than among HIV-uninfected girls of similar ages in the US, the team reports. Brogly attributes the low pregnancy rates to the fact that "some of these girls have severely compromised health and serious illness, making it difficult to become pregnant."

NEW YORK, April 28 (bdnews24.com/Reuters Health)

NEW YORK, April 28 (bdnews24.com/Reuters Health) - Sexually active teenage girls infected around the time of birth with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, are more likely to have cervical infections and abnormal Pap test results, new research shows. Extensive research has examined the reproductive health outcomes among teenagers who acquire HIV infection through sex, senior investigator Dr. Susan B. Brogly of Harvard School of Public Health in Boston told Reuters. In contrast, this is the largest cohort study, and the first to publish on rates of genital infections, cervical lesions, and pregnancy among girls who had been living with HIV since birth, she said. Their results will be published in the June issue of the American Journal of Public Health. The study involved a total of 638 girls infected with HIV during birth, and who were 13 to 21 years old when they entered a pediatric AIDS study between 2000 and 2005. Brogly and her co-investigators estimate that 174 of the girls were sexually active. More than three-quarters were receiving HIV medication. Pelvic examinations revealed multiple cases of genital warts. Many of the HIV-infected teenage girls were found to have sexually transmitted diseases, including trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis. Of the 101 sexually active girls who had Pap tests, 30 (29.7 percent) had abnormal results at the first examination including lesions that have the potential to become cancerous called squamous intraepithelial lesions or SIL. "We were surprised at the high rates of SIL that were observed," Brogly said. "It is concerning to find such high rates in young adolescent girls." She and her colleagues were also taken aback by the finding that `pap smears were so infrequent among these girls identified as sexually active.' Thirty-eight girls became pregnant for the first time while in the study. Seven were pregnant more than once, resulting in 32 pregnancies that ended with live births. Of these, only one newborn was known to be HIV-infected. The rate of pregnancy is much lower in this cohort than among HIV-uninfected girls of similar ages in the US, the team reports. Brogly attributes the low pregnancy rates to the fact that "some of these girls have severely compromised health and serious illness, making it difficult to become pregnant."

This image of our galaxy, the Milky Way, was taken with NASA's Cosmic

This image of our galaxy, the Milky Way, was taken with NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer's (COBE) Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE). This never-before-seen view shows the Milky Way from an edge-on perspective with the galactic north pole at the top, the south pole at the bottom and the galactic center at the center. The picture combines images obtained at several near-infrared wavelengths. Stars within our galaxy are the dominant source of light at these wavelengths. Even though our solar system is part of the Milky Way, the view looks distant because most of the light comes from the population of stars that are closer to the galactic center than our own Sun. (Courtesy NASA)


Like early explorers mapping the continents of our globe, astronomers are busy charting the spiral structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Using infrared images from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, scientists have discovered that the Milky Way's elegant spiral structure is dominated by just two arms wrapping off the ends of a central bar of stars. Previously, our galaxy was thought to possess four major arms.
This artist's concept illustrates the new view of the Milky Way, along with other findings presented at the 212th American Astronomical Society meeting in St. Louis, Mo. The galaxy's two major arms (Scutum-Centaurus and Perseus) can be seen attached to the ends of a thick central bar, while the two now-demoted minor arms (Norma and Sagittarius) are less distinct and located between the major arms. The major arms consist of the highest densities of both young and old stars; the minor arms are primarily filled with gas and pockets of star-forming activity.
The artist's concept also includes a new spiral arm, called the "Far-3 kiloparsec arm," discovered via a radio-telescope survey of gas in the Milky Way. This arm is shorter than the two major arms and lies along the bar of the galaxy.
Our sun lies near a small, partial arm called the Orion Arm, or Orion Spur, located between the Sagittarius and Perseus arms. (Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech)

During the past three decades a myriad of space explorers have escaped the confines of planet Earth and have set out to discover our planetary neighbors. This picture shows the Sun and all nine planets of the solar system as seen by the space explorers. Starting at the top-left corner is the Sun followed by the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. (Copyright 1998 by Calvin J. Hamilton)

The solar wind can be measured by spacecraft,

Nearly all the solar system by volume appears to be an empty void. Far from being nothingness, this vacuum of "space" comprises the interplanetary medium. It includes various forms of energy and at least two material components: interplanetary dust and interplanetary gas. Interplanetary dust consists of microscopic solid particles. Interplanetary gas is a tenuous flow of gas and charged particles, mostly protons and electrons -- plasma -- which stream from the Sun, called the solar wind.

The solar wind can be measured by spacecraft, and it has a large effect on comet tails. It also has a measurable effect on the motion of spacecraft. The speed of the solar wind is about 400 kilometers (250 miles) per second in the vicinity of Earth's orbit. The point at which the solar wind meets the interstellar medium, which is the "solar" wind from other stars, is called the heliopause. It is a boundary theorized to be roughly circular or teardrop-shaped, marking the edge of the Sun's influence perhaps 100 AU from the Sun. The space within the boundary of the heliopause, containing the Sun and solar system, is referred to as the heliosphere.
The solar magnetic field extends outward into interplanetary space; it can be measured on Earth and by spacecraft. The solar magnetic field is the dominating magnetic field throughout the interplanetary regions of the solar system, except in the immediate environment of planets which have their own magnetic fields.

The Jovian PlanetsJupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as the Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets, because they are all gigantic compared with Earth, and they have a gaseous nature like Jupiter's. The Jovian planets are also referred to as the gas giants, although some or all of them might have small solid cores. The following diagram shows the approximate distance of the Jovian planets to the Sun

Interplanetary Space

Views of the Solar System presents a vivid multimedia adventure unfolding the splendor of the Sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, and more. Discover the latest scientific information, or study the history of space exploration, rocketry, early astronauts, space missions, spacecraft through a vast archive of photographs, scientific facts, text, graphics and videos. Views of the Solar System offers enhanced exploration and educational enjoyment of the solar system and beyond.

Views of the Solar System presents a vivid multimedia adventure unfolding the splendor of the Sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, and more. Discover the latest scientific information, or study the history of space exploration, rocketry, early astronauts, space missions, spacecraft through a vast archive of photographs, scientific facts, text, graphics and videos. Views of the Solar System offers enhanced exploration and educational enjoyment of the solar system and beyond.

The Solar System[a] consists of the Sun

The Solar System[a] consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by gravity, all of which formed from the collapse of a giant molecular cloud approximately 4.6 billion years ago. The Sun's retinue of objects circle it in a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic plane, most of the mass of which is contained within eight relatively solitary planets whose orbits are almost circular. The four smaller inner planets; Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called the terrestrial planets, are primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, also called the gas giants, are composed largely of hydrogen and helium and are far more massive than the terrestrials.
The Solar System is also home to two main belts of small bodies. The asteroid belt, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, is similar to the terrestrial planets as it is composed mainly of rock and metal. The Kuiper belt (and its subpopulation, the scattered disc), which lies beyond Neptune's orbit, is composed mostly of ices such as water, ammonia and methane. Within these belts, five individual objects, Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris, are recognised to be large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity, and are thus termed dwarf planets. The hypothetical Oort cloud, which acts as the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance roughly a thousand times beyond these regions.
Within the Solar System, various populations of small bodies, such as comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust, freely travel between these regions, while the solar wind, a flow of plasma from the Sun, creates a bubble in the interstellar medium known as the heliosphere, which extends out to the edge of the scattered disc.
Six of the planets and three of the dwarf planets are orbited by natural satellites, usually termed "moons" after Earth's Moon. Each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other particles.

Solar system

This website is an overview of the history, mythology, and current scientific knowledge of the planets, moons and other objects in our solar system. Each page has my text and NASA's images, some have sounds and movies, most provide references to additional related information.
All eight planets can be seen with a small telescope; or binoculars. And large observatories continue to provide much useful information. But the possibility of getting up close with interplanetary spacecraft has revolutionized planetary science. Very little of this site would have been possible without the space program.
Nevertheless, there's a lot that you can see with very modest equipment or even with just your own eyes. Past generations of people found beauty and a sense of wonder contemplating the night sky. Today's scientific knowledge further enhances and deepens that experience. And you can share in it by simply going out in the evening and looking up.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The IAU has changed the definition of "planet" so that Pluto no longer qualifies. There are now officially only eight planets in our solar system. Of course this change in terminology does not affect what's actually out there. In the end, it's not very important how we classify the various objects in our solar system. What is important is to learn about their physical nature and their histories.

Solar system

Solar system Solar system Solar system Solar system

Sania Mirza Photos Sania Mirza

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Sania Mirza Photos Sania Mirza

Sania Mirza Photos Sania Mirza Sexy Photos Sania mirza a girl of Hyderabad India for long tennis. 1.73m 53 kg Career prize money US$ 1,294,340 started 2003. Tennis photos sania sexy image sania mirza pic gallery sania mirza hot photos hot pic tennis. Tennis legend of India hot and glamor. Her fitness is nice. She takes regular fitness for indoor and outdoor game fitness. Gym for regular fitness. Asian game such as doha gold and silver medal Most of the teenage boy loves her she is sweet sexy nice. Also online fitness care for game and glamour. Sania is famous for tennis video youtube and other download site. You can get tennis lesson or e-tour of tennis for your performance on gameSania Mirza famous for tennis. Some other star of gaming world she is tennis star. Being woman in tennis much more performance. Photos Sania Mirza game Sexy Photos Sania mirza long Tennis photos sania sexy hottest image sania mirza pic gallery thumbnail sania mirza hot photos on the go hot pic tennis of today's tennis world
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