Environmental Guidelines for Primary EducationDevelopment

Environmental Guidelines for Primary EducationDevelopment Prouramme-II (PEDP-II)A. Construction works under PEDP-II includes the following components:i) Construction of 30000 lager size class room in Government Primary Schools (GPS)ii) Construction of 397 Upazila Resource centres (URC's)iii) Repair and extension of 460 Upazila Education Offices (UEO's)iv) Repair and extension of DPE, HQv) Repair and extension of existing PTI'svi) Extension of DPEO Officesvii) Construction of 15000 toilets attached with the teacher's roomviii) Sinking/re-sinking of 15000 additional tube wellsEnvironmental aspects should be considered both in design and construction/ reconstruction ofbuildings, construction of latrines and sinking of tube wells.LGED always consider the environmental aspects during preparation of design andimplementation of any construction worksB. Safe Water supply:i) LGED is constructing / reconstructing of government and registered non-govt. primaryschools, community primary schools building since 1990. Each school having 1 schoolbuilding, 2 nos twin-pits latrines and 1 tube well. First time in 1993, it was detected that tubewell water had been contaminated by arsenic in Bangladesh. After that it was discussed atdifferent levels in the country and necessary steps are being taken for remedial measures.On the basis of field survey conducted by British Geological Survey in May, 2000 arranged byArsenic Mitigation Project funded by UNICEF- DPHE-DANIDA-WPP-WS, it was found that268 upazilas of 56 districts in Bangladesh affected by Arsenic. The list of arsenic affectedu azilas is given below:Division District UpazilaBarishal Barishal Barishal Sadar, Banaripara, Agailjhara,Babuganj, Gournadi, Uzirpur, Bakerganj,Mehendiganj, MuladiBhola Bhola Sadar, LalmohanJhalokathi Jhalokathi Sadar, NalchityPirojpur Pirojpur Sadar, Vandaria, Mathbaria, Nazirpur,NesarabadChittagong Bandarban Bandarban SadarB-Baria B-Baria Sadar, Sarail, Akhawra,Bancharampur, Kasba, Nabinagar, NasirnagarChandpur Chandpur Sadar, Faridgonj, Matlob, Haimchar,:0CSi>.1\S Hazigonj, Kachua, ShahrastiChittagong Mirsarai, SitakunduComilla Chowdhagram, Daudkandi, Laksam,Muradnagar, Barura, Brahmanpara, Burichang,Chandina, Meghna, Debidwar, Homna,NangolkoatCox's Bazar UlkhiaFeni Feni Sadar, Dagonbhuiyan, SonagaziLaxmipur Laxmipur Sadar, Raipur, Ramgonj, RamgatiNoakhali Noakhali Sadar, Begamgonj, Chatkhil, Senbag,CompanigonjDhaka Dhaka Dhamrai, Dohar, Keranigonj, NawabgonjFaridpur Faridpur Sadar, Alfadanga, Bhanga,Nagarkanda, Sadarpur, Boalmari,Charvadrasion, MadhukhaliGazipur KaligonjGopalgonj Gopalgonj Sadar, Kotalipara, Moksedpur,Kashiani, TongiparaJamalpur Jamalpur Sadar, Bokshigonj, SharisabariKishoregonj Kishoregonj Sadar, Aushtogram, Bajitpur,Voyrob, Hossainpur, Itna, Karimgonj,Koliarchar, Nikli, PakundiaMadaripur Madaripur Sadar, Kalkini, Rajoir, ShibcharManikgonj Manikgonj Sadar, Ghior, Harirampur, SaturiaMunshigonj Munshigonj Sadar, Gazaria, Louhajong,Sirajdikhan, Sreenagar, TongibariMymensingh Mymensingh Sadar, Gouripur, Dhubaura,Haluaghat, Muktagcha, Nandail, FulpurNarayangonj Araihazar, SonargaonNarsingdi Narsinghi Sadar, Belabo, Manohardi, Palash,Raipura, ShibpurNetrakona Atpara, Durgapur, Komlakanda, Kendua.Khaliajuri, Madan, MahangonjRajbari Rajbari Sadar, Goalanda, PangshaShariatpur Shariatpur Sadar, Vedargonj, Damuddya,Goshairhat, Jajira, NariaSherpur Sherpur Sadar, Nakla, Nalitabari, SreebardiTangail Tangail Sadar, Basail, Delduar, Mirzapur,NagarpurKhulna Bagerhat Bagerhat Sadar, Chitalmari, Fakirhat, Kachua,Mollarhat, Mongla, Morelgonj, Rampal,SharankholaChuadanga Chuadanga Sadar, Alamdanga, Damurhuda,Jibannagar - 3 -Jessore Jessore Sadar, Avoynagar, Bagherpara,Chowgacha, Jhikorgacha, Kashabpur,Monirampur, SarshaJhenaidah Jhenaidah Sadar, Moheshpur, Harianakunda,Kaligonj, Kotchandpur, SoilakupaKhulna Batiaghata, Digholia, Domuria, Paikgacha,Fultala, Rupsha, Therokhada, DakopKushtia Kushtia Sadar, Veramara, Daulatpur, Mirpur,KumarkhaliMagura Magura Sadar, Mohammadpur, ShalikhaMeherpur Meherpur Sadar, GangniNarail Narail Sadar, Kalia, LohagoraSatkhira Satkhira Sadar, Ashashuni, Debhatta. Kalarua,Tala, Kaligonj, ShamnagarRajshahi Bogra Dhunat, Gabtoli, Shariakandi, ShibgonjNawabgonj Nawabgonj Sadar, Bholahat, Shibgonj,Gomastapur, NacholeDinajpur BirgonjGaibandha Gobindagonj, Sadullapur, Palashbari,SundargonjJoypurhat Joypurhat SadarKurigram Rajahat, Nageshawri, Rowmari, UlipurNaogaon Porsha, MandaNatore Bagatipara, LalpurPabna Bera, Ishwardi, Santhia, SujanagarRajshahi Bagha, Boalia, Mohanpur, Paba, Tanor,Baghmara, Charghat, Durgapur, Gudagari,PuthiaRangpur PirgachaSirajgonj Sirajgonj Sadar, Raigonj, Belkuchi,Kamarkhand, Kazipur, Shahjadpur, TarashSylhet Habigonj Azmirigonj, BaniachongMoulvibazar Moulvibazar Sadar, Kamalgonj, Kulaura,RajnagarSunamgonj Sunamgonj Sadar, Bishwamvarpur, Satak,Dharmapasha, Dirai, Doarabazar, Jamalgonj,Shalla, TahirpurSylhet Balagonj, Bianibazar, Bishwanath,Companigonj, Golapgonj, Goainghat,Kanaighat, ZakigonjThe map showing the arsenic affected upazilas is annexed-I - 4 -ii) Procedures for sinking / re-sinking of tube wells:(a) After selection of any school for construction / reconstruction and for sinking / re-sinking ofadditional tube wells, LGED HQ send the approved list of schools to the Upazila Engineer,LGED for implementation. After receiving the list of schools, the Upazila Engineer verify theexisting tube well of schools or surrounding locality whether it is contaminated by Arsenic ornot as well as the depth of existing tube wells. If the area is arsenic contaminated, the UpazilaEngineer discussed with the DPHE staff at upazila level about the depth of arsenic free layers inthat area. According to the depth of arsenic free layer, the Upazila Engineer sink/ re-sink thetube wells and again test the water of new tube well with the help of DPHE at upazila level andpreserve the test results in the upazila . The final payment is made if the water is arsenic free.(b) LGED will follow the policy to be adopted by the Government for sinking/re-sinking oftube-wells in the arsenic contaminated area. During the interim period [before finalization of thenational arsenic policy] LGED will sink/re-sink tube-wells in close consultation with the DPHEand will use the arsenic map carefully for ensuring safe drinking water in primaryschools/institutions.C. Selection of water source:According to the geographical locations Bangladesh is divided in the following regions; such as-Alluvial normal areas, High Alluvial areas ( Brained area), Hilly region and Saline affected areas( Coastal areas). The map showing the different regions is annexed-IlAlluvial normal areas: Generally, the arsenic contaminated tube wells are found in alluvialnormal areas where the ground water table is high. Water is available in normal shallow tubewell. The depth of tube well varies from 15m - 50 m. But these layers are now foundcontaminated by arsenic. So, these areas deep- set hand tube wells are being sunk for gettingarsenic free good drinking water. The depth of such tube well varies from 75m - 200 m.High alluvial areas: The location of these areas are greater Rajshahi, portion of Bogra,Mymensingh, Tangail, Dhaka and Comilla districts. Normal shallow tube wells are not feasiblein these areas. During dry season (Summer) normal pump does not work in these areas. Halfdeep-set hand tube well with Tara pump or hand tube well with housing is feasible. But there areno arsenic contamination of tube wells in these areas. The depth of such tube well varies from70m - 90 m.Hilly areas: In the hilly regions, normal tube wells are not feasible. Normal tube wells can notbe sunk due to under ground stone layers. tube well boring can not be done. So, ring well issuitable for good drinking water in these areas. These areas are also arsenic free. The depth ofring well varies from 15m - 25 m.Saline affected areas( Coastal areas): These are newly filled alluvial areas in coastal zone inBangladesh. Due to inundation by saline water during high tide and the under ground aquifer isaffected by saline in normal depth. So, these areas normal shallow tube well is affected by - 5 -saline. Deep-set hand tube well is feasible for getting good drinking water. The depth of suchtube well varies from 250m - 300m. These areas are also arsenic free.According to above, LGED is sinking tube wells in different areas for good drinking water in theon going primary education development projects. But in all cases, arsenic tests are done byLGED after installation of tube wells. For sinking or re-sinking of tube wells in the PEDP-II,similar system will be followed.D. Water Quality test:At present in upazila level, DPHE can determine the availability of arsenic by kits. But they cannot identify the quantity of arsenic. DPHE have no laboratory at upazila and district level. Theyhave the laboratory for water testing at divisional level only. If kit is supplied, Upazila Engineer,LGED can also determine the availability of arsenic in water.Recently, LGED has established water testing laboratories in different districts and regionallevel through Small Scale Water Resource Sector Project funded by ADB. All type of water testscan be carried out by using the LGED's water quality testing laboratories for PEDP-ll The list ofestablished LGED's water uality testing laboratories are given below:Name of laboratory Supplied! installed Tests parameters RemarksequipmentMobile laboratory - -Water Eco. & lime test kit Hardness, DO, PHDinajpur, rangpur, Bogra, -HACH arsenic test kit ArsenicRajshahi, Pabna, Kustia, -HACH Nitrate test kit NitrateFaridpur, Jessore,Khulna, Barishal and -PH Meter PHPatuakhali -DO meter DOYKhulna regional -Electrochemical Analyzer Arseniclaboratory -uv- Vis Sodium, Potassium, Iron,Spectrophotometer Nitrate, Phosphate-HACH COD Apparatus COD-EC meter EC-Salinity meter Salinity-Apparatus/ chemicalsRangpur regional -Electrochemical Analyzer Arseniclaboratory -wv- Vis Sodium, Potassium, Iron,Spectrophotometer Nitrate, Phosphate-HACH COD Apparatus COD-EC meter EC-Salinity meter-Apparatus/ chemicals SalinityBarishal regional - AA Spectrophotometer Arsenic, Lead, Calcium,Bronze, Zinclaboratory -uv- Vis Sodium, Potassium, Iron, Spectrophotometer Nitrate, Phosphate-HACH COD Apparatus COD-EC meter EC-Salinity meter salinity-Flame Photometer Sodium, Potassium, calcium-Didesdahi Digestion APp Sample preparation of soil-Apparatus/ chemicals-ShakerMobile laboratory - - Oxygen meter Diluted Oxygen,Sylhet, Mymensingh, - PH Meter PHJamalpur, Tangail,Dhaka, Gazipur, Comilla, - Water test kit Hardness,- Arsenic test kit ArsenicNoakhali, Chittagong and - Soil test kit (N-P-K) Nitrate, Phosphate,Cox's Bazar - Irrigation Water kit PotassiumMyrnensingh regional -AA Spectrophotometer Arsenic, Lead, Calcium,- Visible Iron, Zinc, Bronzelaboratory Spectrophotometer Sodium. Potassium, Nitrate,- Electrical Conductivity P'hosphateMeter EC- HACH COD Apparatus COD- Microbiological Ml purposeIncubator- Salinity Meter- Flame photometer- Kjelahi Apparatus- Drinking Water test kit- Microscope- Didesdahi digestionAPP- Shakar- Associates appratus andchemicalsComilla regional laboratory -AA Spectrophotometer Arsenic, Lead, Calcium,- Visible Iron, Zinc, BronzeSpectrophotometer Sodium. Potassium, Nitrate,- Electrical Conductivity PhosphateMeter EC- HACH COD Apparatus COD- Microbiological Ml purposeIncubator- Salinity Meter- Flame photometer- Kjelahi Apparatus- Drinking Water test kit- Microscope- Didesdahi digestionAPP- Shakar- Associates apparatus and_ chemicalsAll water supply sources to be installed under PEDP-ll would be tested to ensure that the watermeets the safe drinking water standard of Bangladesh. These tests would include, but not belimited to, arsenic and bacteriological quality. These tests may be conducted at either LGED orDPHE laboratories or science laboratories [sample], based on local convenience. -7 -E. Sanitation:2 latrines were constructed in all constructed/ reconstructed GPS and RNGPS since inception.In 1997, it was decided that two separate latrines will be constructed ( one for boys & one forgirls) in both sides of school building. Accordingly, from 1997 two separate latrines are beingconstructed in both sides of each school building. All the above types of latrines, twin pitsanitary system with Y-junction is introduced. Each twin-pit sanitary latrine is designed for 200users.. Twin pit sanitary system is suitable in rural areas. Because there is no necessity ofsweeper for cleaning of latrines in case of over flow. In this system one pit will be used for 3years and it will be closed, then 2nd pit will be used for another 3 years. In the mean time the 1stpit will be dry and germ free and will be ready for further use ( Design of twin pit latrine isannexed-l). If may be mentioned that the dried up residual of the pit can be used as greenmanure and can also be cleared by any person.In the guide lines for Improvement of School Sanitation prepared by ITN, we found that ITNfollowed single pit system but LGED's design is for twin pit sanitary latrine which is moresuitable than single pit latrine.In the PEDP-ll there is a proposal for construction of one sanitary latrine attached withteacher's room. Due to increase of female teachers in primary schools, it is felt necessary toconstruct one additional latrines for the teachers. Since these latrines will be attached with theteachers room. So, the design of proposed latrines will be normal sanitary system ( design isannexed-IV).F. Sound Environmental Practices in Building Design and Construction:In designing of the school building LGED follow the ACI code. Environmental aspects are alsoconsidered by LGED.. The school buildings are designed by LGED with RCC framed structure,RCC roof and 5 inch brick walling. The school buildings constructed as one storied buildingwith one storied foundation from 1990- 1996. Subsequently, considering the land crises andprovision of future expansion of building, Government decided to provide 2 story / 3 storyfoundation keeping provision for future vertical expansion. Accordingly, from 1997 all schoolbuildings are being provided with 2/3 storied foundation.Cyclone and tidal resistance: In cyclone and tidal surge prone areas, LGED is constructing 2storied building in which ground floor ( 10 ft ) is open. These buildings are RCC framestructure with RCC roof. RCC roof is monolithic with RCC frame. Hence the primary schoolbuildings are sound enough to resist cyclone and tidal surge.Seismic load Consequences: All Primary School Buildings are designed and constructed byLGED are of RCC framed structure having RCC Columns, RCC tie- bracing at plinth, lintel androof level. RCC roof slab is monolithic with RCC frame. At present most of the schoolbuildings are constructed/ under construction as one story/ 2 story building having provision for2/3 storied foundation. Hence the primary school buildings constructed by LGED are soundenough to withstand earthquake of moderate magnitude. Ventilation and heat resistance: According to the location of Bangladesh, the air flow is north-south. So, the facing of school building should be north-south for cross-ventilation.5 inch brick walls with both sides plaster, RCC frame structure with RCC roof which alsoprevent heat.The typical school building with 3 class room and 1 teachers room having 7 doors and 11windows are also well ventilated.Generally, the schools are closed in long vacations. During vacations, the floor and walls maybe damp due to the closed doors & windows. To minimize this, all through Pre-cast hexagonalventilator (1 ft ht) is being provided in the front and back side of school building above the lintellevel.